Rethinking Security in a Post-Westphalian World

1. Main Question: How does the growing role of non-state actors transform global security beyond the state's traditional Westphalian claim to absolute power? 2. Argument: Non-state actors increasingly shape security through Track 1.5/2 diplomacy, hybrid platforms, and governance networks, softening hierarchical state control. 3. Conclusion: This shift toward decentralized, network-based security is inevitable and adaptive, though it raises concerns about fragmentation and legitimacy.