The cybersecurity capability gap

1. What cyber capability gaps does the EU grapple with? 2. The EU lacks operational coherence, offensive capabilities, and personnel infrastructure to combat complex cyberthreats. Institutional fragmentation, national sovereignty concerns, and an overreliance on civilian regulation hinder cybersecurity policy and legal development. 3. To become a credible and effective cyberpower, the EU must improve coordination, invest in technical and human skills, and become more assertive.