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Is the world moving beyond SWIFT?
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Can CIPS, SPFS, and mBridge realistically replace SWIFT as the backbone of global financial messaging and settlement?
Each alternative serves a distinct purpose: RMB internationalisation, sanctions resilience, or CBDC-based settlement, but none replicates SWIFT's scale, and most still depend on it.
The payment infrastructure is evolving toward multipolarity, not replacement — parallel systems are emerging, but SWIFT remains the global standard for now.
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