When the EU Tests the Limits of the EEA

What does the EU’s first-ever use of Article 112 against Norway reveal about the limits of the EEA model?

The tariffs reflect a broader shift towards a more interventionist EU trade policy, exposing how EEA market access can become conditional in times of economic pressure.

As the EU increasingly uses safeguard measures to protect strategic sectors, being a non-EU member while relying on the Single Market has become more risky for non-EU EEA states.