Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) was first created in 2008 but dispanded following Australia's exit in 2009. In 2017, the Quad was re-established. Observers have seen the Quad as a testimony to greater competition between China and the US. Indeed, China has referred to the Quad as an "Asian Nato". However, the Quad lacks the formal alliance structure and mutual defence obligations of NATO. Instead, the Quad cooperates in different working groups on innovation and economic issues and conducts joint military exercises.