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What It Takes to Build Peace Today
-In an era of escalating global instability, what does it truly take to move beyond short-term deterrence and build lasting, sustainable pea…
EPIS Magazine · Issue I
EPIS Magazine — Issue I
The inaugural issue of the EPIS Magazine.
266 articles in this issue
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United States and China Strategic Competition
Main Question: Does China’s rise threaten North American security and economic interests? Argument: Military modernization, supply chain com…
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One partnership – Three trajectories?
Main question: Why were the protests in Moldova (2009) and Ukraine (2014) successful, while they were suppressed in Belarus (2020)?
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Armenia’s Policy Shift: Russia & The West
x
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The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
Main Question – How does the USMCA benefit its partner countries? Argument – The USMCA benefits the partner countries by enhancing protectio…
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Cognitive Power Without Projection
Russia maintains significant influence in Eurasia mainly through informational and cognitive warfare rather than direct military power. It u…
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At the Border of Rights
North American migration policies increasingly prioritise deterrence and border security over humanitarian protection. Restrictive asylum sy…
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Canada’s Strategic Foresight for 2025–2035
Main question: How can Canada ensure economic survival and sovereignty while caught between an unpredictable, transactional U.S. and a coerc…
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Bridging the Gap
1. The interview explores why transatlantic security often overlooks local and state leaders. 2. Joshua Burgin argues that strong personal n…
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EU Enlargement and EP Seat Allocation Reform
Main question: How can the EU reform seat allocation in the European Parliament to integrate new candidate states without breaking the 750-m…
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THE EUROPEAN DIRECTORATE
Main question: How can the EU reform its decision-making structures to allow rapid expansion without causing governance paralysis? Argument:…
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Policy Proposal: Accession Optimisation
Main question: How can the EU accelerate its enlargement process to maintain strategic credibility without causing reform fatigue in candida…
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Redistributing Influence
How has the war in Ukraine transformed Russia’s influence on the Korean Peninsula? The article argues that Russia is redistributing its infl…
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EU Enlargement
Main question: How can the EU expand to maintain geopolitical influence without causing institutional stagnation or a budget drain? Argument…
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Rethinking the EU’s Expansion Dilemmas
Main question: How can the EU pursue geopolitically necessary enlargement without weakening its internal cohesion and governance capacity? A…
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European STEM Mobility Guarantee
Main question: How can Europe eliminate financial and administrative barriers to provide equal access to cross-border STEM experiences for a…
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Bigger or Better?
Main question: How can the EU expand its borders via geopolitically urgent enlargement without causing paralysis in its decision-making voti…
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Progressive EU Accession Path for Ukraine
Main question: How can the EU offer Ukraine meaningful integration benefits during a long pre-accession period without resorting to a politi…
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Iceland’s Path to EU Membership
Main question: How can Iceland and the EU structure an enlargement framework that reconciles economic sovereignty concerns with shifting Arc…
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A Sectoral Roadmap to EU Integration
Main question: How can the EU advance cooperation and prevent loss of influence in Georgia, given structural incompatibility, political ambi…
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Rethinking Enlargement for a New Age of the EU
Main question: How can the EU reconcile the strategic necessity for swift neighborhood integration with its slow, legally rigid binary acces…
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Strategic Association Treaty (SAT)
Main question: How can the EU enhance its strategic autonomy and competitiveness without causing internal deadlock through full membership e…
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Constitutional Identity in EU Membership
Main question: How can the EU ensure candidate states align with its core values when accession mainly measures legislative compliance rathe…
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Central Asian Vantage Point
Main question: How can European consultancies use Central Asia strategically? Argument: European consultancies can act as institutional and …
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What is Anarchy and can we overcome it?
[EPIS Basic Contribution]
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The Mutual Industrial Resilience Program
How can the EU overcome structural vulnerabilities while reforming its slow, politically driven enlargement? The EU must deploy the €30B Ind…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Policy Paper: The Cost of Unpredictability
Main question: how can policymakers address and navigate current geopolitical situation? Argument: Due to the absence of a central authority…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Rise of the Rest
In a time of geopolitical uncertainty whether grounded in historical ties, economic relations, pacts, treaties, or a combination of these. T…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The Global Disorder Cycle
Main question: Is the world really oscillating between eras of recession and expansion, or is this logic purely linear and the result of ch…
International Relations & Diplomacy
From Moscow to Caracas
In an era of rapidly developing social media, cyber threats such as manipulation, fake news, and disinformation are also expanding as elemen…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Hostage Diplomacy
Why are foreign nationals increasingly detained not as criminals, but as leverage? Hostage diplomacy endures because it delivers strategic r…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Allies in Uncertain Times
Main question: How has the EU responded to perceived unpredictability in U.S. foreign policy under the Trump administration? Argument: Unpre…
International Relations & Diplomacy
China’s Reactions to US Belligerence under Trump
Main question: How has China reacted, both “on paper” (diplomatically) and in practice (strategically), to recent US belligerence in Greenla…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Making Greenland and Venezuela Great Again
The article aims to determine if Trump’s behaviour regarding Venezuela and Greenland fit modern scholarly definitions of Imperialism. Both V…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Editorial of the 2nd report
This is the Editorial, it doesn’t have this
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Iranian Resistence between Opression and War:
1. Sanaie links her family’s persecution to support for the NCRI and its vision of a secular democratic Iran. 2. She says protests are drive…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The Crisis in Cabo Delgado: Why Mozambique Matters
A forgotten humanitarian crisis with deepening roots Rwanda’s intervention is strategically self-serving, not purely altruistic A new, fragm…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Anglophone Conflict in Cameroon
Historical roots driving a neglected conflict Structural silencing keeps the crisis hidden International complicity dims the spotlight furth…
International Economic Relations
The Future of the Petrodollar
Main question: How might the energy transition affect the role and underlying strengths of the USD as the world’s reserve currency. Argument…
International Economic Relations
The Weak Yen Trap
Q: Does Japan’s dollar exposure prevent the BoJ from raising rates? Arg: Low rates fuel carry trades that weaken the yen, while $1T+ in U.S.…
International Economic Relations
The Euro as an international currency
– Should the ECB push the Euro internationally to incentivise smaller economies to take the Euro on as their anchor currency? – The general …
International Economic Relations
Policy recommentdation and conclusion
n/a
International Economic Relations
Editorial by Donát Oláh
none
International Economic Relations
Monetary Blocs and International Currency
As in the past, the fragmentation of the global economy and the formation of geopolitical blocs inevitably lead to the emergence of monetary…
International Economic Relations
Who Controls Money?
How do cryptocurrencies affect financial stability and security compared to gold? Both rely on scarcity but differ in relation to state powe…
International Economic Relations
The Euro: Power without Autonomy?
Main question: Why has the euro’s monetary power not translated into full EU strategic autonomy? Argument: While the euro functions as a gro…
International Economic Relations
Digital Currencies and their Implications
1. Asks how the introduction of the digital euro could impact International Relations, through changes in monetary power. 2. The digital eur…
International Economic Relations
Dollar Dominance and Competing Currencies
What is the future of dollar dominance? This report argues the dollar will not be displaced despite geopolitical tensions and digital innova…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Bahrain after the Arab Spring
This article asks why Bahrain’s Arab Spring uprising failed to produce democratic change. It argues that the monarchy survived through repre…
International Economic Relations
Is the world moving beyond SWIFT?
Can CIPS, SPFS, and mBridge realistically replace SWIFT as the backbone of global financial messaging and settlement? Each alternative serve…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The Arab Springs in Yemen : A stolen revolution
This article examines how external intervention in the Yemeni revolution contributed to one of the most severe humanitarian crises of our ti…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The continued fight for democracy
the reoprt follows how different countries in the MENA region have been shaped by the arab spring, focussing on its effects on 1. the legal …
Security Policy & Defence
Bridging Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Security
RQ: Can NATO and the IP4 build a deeper, structured partnership now that the Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific security theatres have merged? A…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Morocco’s Dual Strategy of Control
Main question: Why has Morocco experienced renewed youth-led protest (GENZ212) more than a decade after the Arab Spring, despite formal poli…
International Economic Relations
Designing Sanctions
To what extent does international law constrain the EU’s use of Russian central bank reserves? This article argues that sovereign immunity a…
International Economic Relations
Dollar Dominance: The Fed’s Geopolitical Shadow
Main Question: How does Fed monetary policy shape US geopolitical power, and what does the Powell-to-Warsh transition mean for dollar domina…
Security Policy & Defence
Regionalising Maritime Domain Awareness in SEA
– what are the challenges inhibiting a comprehensive MDA strategy in SEA? – On a technical and governance level, SEA states are uncoordinate…
Security Policy & Defence
Philippine Energy Security: The 2026 Crisis
– How can the Philippines mitigate national security threats from “single-source” energy reliance and Maritime chokepoint disruptions? – The…
Security Policy & Defence
Escalation in the Dark
This article asks how China’s nuclear expansion affects escalation risks in a crisis, particularly over Taiwan. It argues that the key shift…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Surviving the Spring
Show moreShow lessMain question: How did Egypt’s regime survive the 2011 uprising and re-emerge stronger? Argument: It did so through “compo…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
The Paradox of Tunisia’s Arab Spring
Main Question: What is the legacy and lasting consequences of the Jasmine Revolution? Argument: Democratization was undermined by socioecono…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
U.S. Intervention in Nigeria’s Security Crisis
The Christmas Day 2025 US missile strike was far more contested than the official narrative suggested The US had multiple motivations beyon…
Security Policy & Defence
ME Instability & the US-China Power Balance
1: How does the escalation of instability in the Middle East affect the global balance of power between the U.S. and China, and what are the…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The advance of the Hydra
How and why jihadist violence spread to Benin and Togo — Structural weaknesses across the Sahel created power vacuums that terrorist groups …
Security Policy & Defence
The Security Dilemma in post-Arab Spring Libya
How did the Arab Spring shape Libya’s long-term political fragmentation and insecurity? The 2011 uprising dismantled weak state institutions…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Managing Instability in Senegal
Why the Casamance conflict began — Deep-rooted colonial history created ethnic, religious, and cultural divisions between the Joola-majority…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Strategic Engagement
Main Question: How can young professionals successfully enter and influence the highly competitive United Nations ecosystem? Argument: Entry…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Tianxia, All Under Heaven
– What is the Chinese concept of Tianxia? Can be useful in the international system? – Tianxia aimed to represent a civilised society govern…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The Gulf Cooperation Council Explained
Main question: Why do Gulf states cooperate within the GCC despite internal rivalries and regional instability? Argument: The GCC functions …
International Economic Relations
Supply Shock: Why is Gas so Expensive?
1) Why does a supply shock impact gas prices? 2) Changes to oil production capabilities affect the oil supply and its prices. 3) A supply sh…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity Redefined: Preemptive Defense
How can organizations move beyond a “reactive” cybersecurity mindset that only addresses breaches after they have caused damage? By utilizin…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The new narrative of Europe after the MSC
Main Question: What role must Europe play following the shifts in global stability highlighted by the Munich Security Conference? Argument: …
International Economic Relations
Discussing Consultancy in a Shifting Landscape
Main Question: How can businesses navigate an increasingly fragmented and uncertain geopolitical landscape? Argument: Companies must integra…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Unfinished Revolutions
main question: how different mena questions developed post arab spring, how did this manifest politically and legally through out the region…
International Relations & Diplomacy
What Post-Brexit Britain Can Learn From the Past
1. NATO (1949) fulfilled Britain’s core strategy: balance Europe, contain Russia, and keep the US engaged. 2. Historically, Britain built po…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
At Europe’s Door: Italy’s Migration Crisis
How does Italy’s bilateral agreement with Albania fit within the broader EU migration framework? The protocol is innovative because it maint…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
Rhetoric Over Rules: EU Migration Crisis
To what extent does anti-migrant rhetoric in Hungary and Poland undermine EU migration solidarity under the 2024 Pact? Both governments use …
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Conclusion
I don’t think the conclusion needs 3 main points?
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Interview with Lola Aworanti-Ekugo
How can the Global South advance in digital trade and AI? Effective digital trade requires inclusive policies, public-private collaboration,…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Digital Sovereignty in a Fragmented World
How do different countries approach digital sovereignty in a fragmented global tech landscape? States adopt models reflecting politics, econ…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
CADA: Scaling EU Cloud Autonomy
Can CADA reduce the EU’s strategic vulnerability from reliance on foreign cloud infrastructure? CADA aims to build secure, EU-controlled clo…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Cyberattacks on EU Critical Infrastructure
Which EU critical infrastructure sectors face the greatest cyber risk, and which threat modalities are most active? The EU threat environmen…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Central Banks’ Geoeconomics
How do central banks and digital currencies, particularly the Digital Euro, shape geoeconomic competition and European integration? CBDCs ha…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Global Competition over AI governance models
How do the US, EU, and China’s differing AI governance models shape global competition and the emerging international AI order? Divergent mo…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Cross-Border Data Flow Governance
How do different national frameworks (EU, US, China, India) govern cross-border data flows while balancing economic benefits with digital so…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
AI and the New Geopolitics of Digital Sovereignty
I don’t think main points are necessary for the editorial?
International Relations & Diplomacy
Strait of Hormuz
This essay aims to highlight the impact of the current blockade of the Strait of Hormuz on the EU, how it is managing, relatively, the crisi…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Egypt and the Nile
-Egypt has enjoyed a normative hegemony over the Nile’s waters since the period of British colonialism. -As riparian basin states seek to de…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
The Failure of R2P’s Third Pillar
What barriers are there to the adoption and enforcement of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine? Through the case studies of Myanmar, Ukra…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
Editorial Report on Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid Issue I
Editor’s Note and ACknowledgement
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
Use of Aid After the 2023 Turkey–Syria Quake
– Was international aid provided after the Turkish–Syrian earthquake used appropriately? – Despite substantial funding, centralised administ…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
Accountability and Corruption in Humanitarian Aid
Main question: How can humanitarian aid stay efficient while preventing corruption? Argument: Strong, system-wide accountability, coordinati…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
When Aid Becomes a Weapon
1. Does the long-standing belief that independent, international agencies are best suited to deliver humanitarian assistance still hold toda…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
“They Call It Peace, But We Cannot Fish”
1.Does sustained, non-kinetic maritime coercion in the South China Sea generate legal obligations under international humanitarian and human…
Human Rights & Humanitarian Aid
Hidden Corruption in Supply Chains
-Main question: Why does corruption persist in global supply chains despite existing international standards and corporate compliance tools?…
Climate Policy & Environment
EPIS Report on Climate Policy & Environment Issue III
Alisa Grunert Timeframe: 13/02/2026 – 13/02/2026 Germany · Climate Protection · Issue III Definition – Dear reader, given the growing presen…
Climate Policy & Environment
Resilient Roots: EU Tech Grants for Farmers
How can the EU accelerate climate tool adoption for smallholders in Africa and SE Asia without increasing financial risk? Loan-based models …
Climate Policy & Environment
Policy Incompatibility in the European Union
Do the monetary costs expected to be saved by businesses through simplification initiatives outweigh the possibly detrimental costs for envi…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
When Mediation Becomes Power Politics
Under what political conditions does peace mediation contribute to genuine conflict transformation? The article argues that peace mediation …
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
NATO-KFOR’s Deterrence in Northern Kosovo
Is NATO-KFOR effective enough in addressing the security threats Kosovo faces? KFOR either needs reform to better address the ongoing threat…
Climate Policy & Environment
Hydro-Hegemony: Türkiye’s Leverage over Syria Iraq
How does Türkiye’s Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) transform upstream water control into geoeconomic leverage over Syria and Iraq? This …
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Water Diplomacy and River Basin Organisations
This article discusses how unilateral mega-infrastructure projects generate conditions of water stress and asks whether river basin organisa…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The IDSF on security challenges in the Middle East
How does the IDSF perceive the current security challenges in the Middle East?/ Israel’s understanding in the region is strongly based on hi…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Ending UNIFIL
What will happen when UNIFIL leaves Lebanon after years of peacekeeping? UNIFIL has been an important anchor of stability in the region. How…
Climate Policy & Environment
Water as an Instrument of War
Should the environment be used as an instrument of war ?
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
How History Informs Ideas of Taiwanese Sovereignty
How have historical experiences shaped competing ideas of Taiwanese sovereignty, and why does this history continue to structure contemporar…
Climate Policy & Environment
Critical political ecology (CPE)
– The concept of critical political ecology highlights the link between the moral and practical concerns of the environmental movement and c…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The EU as an External Actor in the Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict
– How effective is the EU as an external actor in the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict? -The EU’s normative ambitions …
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The Rohingya Crisis
Why has China blocked attempts to invoke the Responsibility to Protect doctrine in the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar? The failure to invoke R2P…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Blue Helmets, Yellow Tape
Who are the Blue Helmets and what do they do? The Blue Helmets are the military peacekeeping personnel of the United Nations and seek to fac…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
THE WAR IN SUDAN
The article examines how authoritarian collapse, elite division, and foreign proxies shape Sudan’s war. Using neo-realist and political mark…
Security Policy & Defence
The Future of German Aerospace
Role and Impact: As BDLI’s Managing Director, she represents 260+ companies in the German aerospace sector, which employs 115,000 people and…
Security Policy & Defence
Key developments of European Security
The tacit knowledge involved in the defence sector makes it difficult to simply convert civilian facilities and personnel into assets of the…
Security Policy & Defence
Editorial: EPIS Report on Security Policy & Defence II
The Importance of the Military Industrial Complex for the Security of Europe
Security Policy & Defence
Hybrid Security Regimes in Practice
Hybrid security regimes are not symptoms of institutional weakness but deliberate political strategies. Hybrid security regimes are used to …
Security Policy & Defence
Germany’s Quest for Military Leadership
-Should Germany pursue the ambition to build Europe’s strongest conventional army given its economic costs and constraints? -Rearmament can …
Security Policy & Defence
Deterrence Through Industrial Reinforcement
How does Europe’s defence-industrial base compare to Russia’s war economy, and what must Europe change to sustain high-intensity war and cre…
Security Policy & Defence
Dissuading hybrid deterrence
– How is traditional warfare not enough in countering hybrid threats? – Traditional warfare is an insufficient tool in dissuading and counte…
Security Policy & Defence
From Mines to Missiles
Question: How can Europe strengthen its position in the field of rare-earth elements (REEs)? Onshoring, allied shoring, and nearshoring, und…
Security Policy & Defence
Strategic Autonomy in a Digital Age
Main Question: How can the EU achieve strategic autonomy in defense amid technological disruption and geopolitical rivalry? Argument: Europe…
Security Policy & Defence
Shaping Europe’s Security – A Formula for Success?
This article highlights changes within the CSDP/CFSP framework and evaluates the security and industrial initiatives that reflect this shift…
Security Policy & Defence
Privatizing war
Main question: How have international legal norms adapted to the rise of private military and security companies (PMSCs), and with what cons…
Security Policy & Defence
Iranian Defence Industry
How did Iran build and operates its defence industry? Through the pursuit of defence autarky, reverse engineering, civil-military fusion and…
Security Policy & Defence
What Is Deterrence? Core Concepts and Distinctions
Prevention via Cost-Benefit Calculus: Deterrence aims to persuade an adversary that the costs and risks of an offensive action far outweigh …
Security Policy & Defence
Between Washington and Berlin
While strategic autonomy remains a key ambition, Europe’s defence still largely depends on transatlantic cooperation, making full independen…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Interview: Minilateralism in East Asia
Main Question: How do minilateral arrangements shape East Asian cooperation? Argument: Forums like ASEAN provide broad frameworks, while min…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Editorial: EPIS Report on International Relations & Diplomacy Issue I
Main Question: How is international cooperation evolving in a fragmented world? Argument: Traditional multilateral structures like the UN ar…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Ireland’s Small State Diplomacy
Main Question: How can a small state like Ireland exert influence in the EU and globally? Argument: Ireland leverages multilateral instituti…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Europe’s Defence Minilateralism
1. Main Question: How do European countries advance defence-industrial integration amid limited EU consensus? 2. Argument: In response to US…
International Relations & Diplomacy
NATO Hybrid Partnerships & Networked Security
Main Question: How is NATO adapting to transnational threats through hybrid partnerships and networked security? Argument: NATO expands beyo…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Russian Digital PSYOPS in CEE
1. Main Question: How does Russian digital diplomacy and PSYOPS influence politics and security in Central-Eastern Europe? 2. Argument: Russ…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Russia’s BRICS+ & SCO Strategy
1. Main Question: How is Russia using BRICS+ and the SCO to navigate Western isolation? 2. Argument: Following Western sanctions and exclusi…
International Relations & Diplomacy
EU-India Partnership: Trade Deal Urgency
1. Main Question: How urgent is the EU-India partnership and trade deal for both sides? 2. Argument: With U.S. tariffs and China’s assertive…
International Relations & Diplomacy
BRI vs Global Gateway: Battle for Infrastructure
1. Main Question: Can the EU’s Global Gateway be a viable alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative? 2. Argument: While the BRI domina…
International Relations & Diplomacy
NAM in the 21st Century: South’s Strategic Rise
1. Main Question: How has the Non-Aligned Movement evolved from Cold War neutrality to a tool for Global South influence? 2. Argument: NAM n…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Rethinking Security in a Post-Westphalian World
1. Main Question: How does the growing role of non-state actors transform global security beyond the state’s traditional Westphalian claim t…
International Economic Relations
Conclusion: Trade Wars
Question: How do trade wars reshape the global economy, and how can states respond? Argument: Trade wars disrupt supply chains, raise prices…
International Economic Relations
Policy Recommendation: Trade Policy
Question: How do trade wars impact global economics, and how can states respond? Argument: Trade wars disrupt supply chains, raise prices, a…
International Economic Relations
Post-Trump defense shifts
Question: How did Trump’s policies affect Europe’s defense industry? Argument: “America First” pushed Europe to spend more and seek autonomy…
International Economic Relations
Impact of Tariffs: Indo-Pacific Trade Agreements
Question: How are tariffs used as foreign policy tools in the Indo-Pacific? Argument: Tariffs now signal political intent, reshape supply ch…
International Economic Relations
Tariffs: Domestic Costs, Global Repercussions
Question: How have U.S. tariffs since 2018 impacted inflation and global markets? Argument: Meant to protect industries, tariffs raised cost…
International Economic Relations
Effects of Trade Wars on the Bretton Woods System
Question: How have Bretton Woods institutions adapted to new economic realities? Argument: Once stabilizing post-war economies, the IMF, Wor…
International Economic Relations
A New Era of Economic Nationalism
How do Trump-era tariffs and foreign aid cuts reflect economic nationalism and impact the global order? Tariffs and aid reductions, though a…
International Economic Relations
Editorial: EPIS Report on International Economic Relations Issue I
Main Question: How are economic policies becoming tools of national security and global power? Argument: Trade wars and shifting alliances s…
International Relations & Diplomacy
EPIS 10: Security, Society and Sustainability
The interview discussed, among other topics, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the Green Party’s position on delivering weapons to…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Hedging Against Uncertainty
What is Hedging? Hedging is a foreign policy strategy of states against uncertainty. Hedging, although a contested concept, can help observe…
Security Policy & Defence
About Defence Readiness 2030
The article asks how the EU can achieve defense readiness by 2030 while reducing reliance on the US. It argues that Europe is finally respon…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Shifting Paradigms
The text asks whether Chinese experts’ long-held views of the EU as an economic stabilizer and nonrival are shifting. It argues that while m…
Security Policy & Defence
Taiwan Is Not Ukraine
Is Taiwan really the next Ukraine? Amid rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific, Lenaïg Deslandes challenges the increasingly common comparison …
International Relations & Diplomacy
Entering a New Phase of Geopolitical De-Risking
Can U.S. cities protect themselves from foreign influence? As Sino-U.S. sister city partnerships come under growing scrutiny, Vincent Sipeer…
Security Policy & Defence
Missing the Jungle for the Trees
How did US intelligence miss the warning signs of the Tet Offensive? Dmytro Sochnyev revisits one of the Vietnam War’s most consequential in…
International Relations & Diplomacy
When Supply Lines Become Fault Lines
Can Japan and South Korea keep the lights on amid Indo-Pacific tensions? As rising geopolitical frictions threaten critical maritime routes,…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Foresight Analysis for Policymaking in International Relations
Can policymakers really anticipate the future? As uncertainty defines today’s global politics, Jonatan von Moltke explores the rise of fores…
International Relations & Diplomacy
China 2049 vs. India 2047
What are the great power plans for the mid-21st century—and how do they differ? China and India are charting rival paths toward global influ…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
AI in Defence
How is AI used in cybersecurity and critical infrastructure defense in Europe? AI amplifies attacks and defenses, widening threats and needi…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
AWS Regulation: Accountability & IHL
Can existing laws adequately govern Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS)? A regulatory framework, not a ban, ensures accountability and civilian…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Policy Recommendations
How can AI be used safely in NATO and EU cyber operations? AI boosts cyber defence but needs oversight, security, and coordination. Combinin…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Turkey’s Media and the Rise of Misinformation
How has Turkey’s politics shaped its information ecosystem? The AKP and President Erdoğan control the media and manipulate narratives. Turki…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Technological Aspect of an Emerging Market
How is AI changing modern warfare? AI boosts targeting, intelligence, and autonomy in combat. Militaries must pair AI with oversight and reg…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
AI and the Future of Warfare
How does AI impact modern warfare and IHL compliance? AI weapons and cyber tools boost military power but risk civilian harm and legal accou…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
AI in Peace Negotiations
How can AI support peace negotiations? AI can enhance conflict analysis, translation, and decision-making, addressing key challenges in comp…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
EPIS Report on Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Issue I
Belen Bringas & Yes Grangier Timeframe: 01/02/2012 – 11/10/2025 United States of America · Cyber Defence-Protection & Cooperation · Issue I …
Climate Policy & Environment
Editorial: EPIS Report on Climate Policy & Environment Issue II
The environment is a silent victim in conflict that is beaten and abused with long-term consequences, acting as a threat multiplier for the …
Climate Policy & Environment
Competing Futures
International Criminal Lawis ineffective at protecting the environment in conflict, perhaps stronger solutionsshould be in place, should the…
Climate Policy & Environment
Building Resilience in the Arctic
How can Arctic communities adapt to rapid climate change and growing geopolitical pressure? The Arctic faces compounding threats—from permaf…
Climate Policy & Environment
Climate Justice in EU Policy
How can the EU achieve climate goals while ensuring social equity? Climate action must be both environmentally ambitious and socially just. …
Climate Policy & Environment
The Northern Sea Route
Is the Northern Sea Route a strategic asset or a climate risk? While the NSR offers economic and geopolitical benefits to Russia and China, …
Climate Policy & Environment
The Arctic’s Economic Future
Can the Arctic become a new economic frontier without sacrificing Indigenous rights and ecosystems? While economic interest in a thawing Arc…
Climate Policy & Environment
A Warm Introduction
How is a thawing Arctic reshaping global geopolitics? Climate change is unlocking new strategic and economic opportunities in the Arctic, in…
Climate Policy & Environment
The Concept of Environmental Security
– What are the main merits and pitfalls of treating climante change as a security issue? – As stated by the Copenhagen School’s theory of se…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
R2P: A UN Norm For Mass Atrocity Prevention
1. What is R2P and its challenges/controversies? 2. It is a UN norm that establishes a responsibility to protect one’s own citizens and impo…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Shadows of Hope
Ahmad Shah Mohibi reflects on his experiences of peacekeeping in the Afghan war. Deriving lessons learned, he takes us through a historical …
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Elmar Brok: A Voice for European Security
How has Elmar Brok shaped the EU’s external action and crisis response? As one of the longest-serving MEPs, Brok played a key role in defini…
Security Policy & Defence
Stealthily stabbing the Red Dragon
Main Question: Can new US stealth aircraft like the F-47 and B-21 stop China’s rise as a dominant air power in the Pacific? Argument: The U…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Papal Diplomacy
Since World War II, the Holy See has used its moral authority to engage actively in reconstruction, diplomacy, and the promotion of human ri…
International Relations & Diplomacy
France’s Diplomatic Future in a Shifting World
Didier le Bret reflects on his career shaped by crises from post-Soviet transitions to the Haiti earthquake. He argues that France must comb…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Israel’s Use of Force: Legal or Dangerous Shift?
Is Israel redrawing the boundaries of international law by force? This article examines Israel’s justification of pre-emptive self-defence a…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
From Keeping Peace to Deterring Threats
The European military mentality has shifted for a large part away from peacekeeping obligations in the recent years. Of course, the European…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Operationalizing Deterrence
How is NATO translating its strategic realignment since the 2022 Madrid Summit into an effective military posture in its command structures,…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Editorial: EPIS Report on Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention Issue I
The global order is destabilizing as alliances weaken, conflicts rise, and multilateralism erodes. Peace and security are increasingly inter…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Beyond the Battlefield
What impact does the WPS Agenda have on NATO’s Peace Operations and strategies? The enhanced operational effectiveness through the integrati…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Trump and and the American Unilateralism
How does the Trump doctrine influence the U.S.’ unilateral engagement? The Trump doctrine follows that America’s needs are of primary concer…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
What are current discourses about conflict-related sexual violence? The world is currently experiencing the highest number of conflicts sinc…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Peacekeeping After the Russia-Ukraine War
What impact does Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine have on peacekeeping? Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine as a permanent Security …
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
AI in Conflict Prevention
What are the potentials and challenges of the use of AI in conflict prevention? The integration of AI demands inclusive governance framework…
Security Policy & Defence
Rearming at What Cost?
Main question: Should European governments cut social spending to increase military budgets in response to rising global threats? Argument: …
International Economic Relations
Facing the Geoeconomic Reality
Main Question: How can Europe make its critical raw materials (CRMs) supply chain more resilient amid geopolitical and economic challenges? …
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The Link Between Migration And Terrorism
Main question: How do different forms of migration impact international terrorist incidents? Argument: Humanitarian migration, due to socio…
Security Policy & Defence
From Arms Race to Innovation Race
Main Question: Does the concept of an “AI arms race” accurately describe current global AI competition? Argument: While AI has military app…
Security Policy & Defence
Algorithmic Deterrence: U.S.-China Arms Race
Main Question: How does the militarization of AI by the U.S. and China contribute to global instability? Argument: The AI arms race between…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
The External Politics of the Israel-Hamas War
Main Question: Why does the Gaza war persist despite international efforts to end it? Argument: Regional powers exploit the Gaza conflict to…
Security Policy & Defence
Satellite Security and Post-Quantum-Cryptography
Is current satellite cybersecurity sufficient to address emerging threats, especially with rising space reliance? Most commercial satellites…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
EPIS Report on Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention Issue I
In this report, we outline the current trends in international peace efforts. Yet our report also highlights progress. Two things have becom…
Security Policy & Defence
Introduction to the Security Dilemma
1. Why do we see increases in defense spending despite claims for peace? 2. In an anarchic world, peace is guaranteed by the state’s actions…
Security Policy & Defence
Westphalian Order Under Siege
How does Donald Trump’s rhetoric challenge the foundational Westphalian principles underpinning the Western alliance? Trump’s rhetorical imp…
Security Policy & Defence
Trilateral Security Model
How can European states improve regional security cooperation against emerging threats? A trilateral model combining NATO, the EU, and NORDE…
Security Policy & Defence
Editorial: EPIS Report on Security Policy & Defence I
European states have long deprioritised national defence, reducing budgets and neglecting credible deterrence capacities. The war in Ukraine…
Security Policy & Defence
Speer Group: A symbol of European cooperation
How can private equity, through firms like Speer Group, strengthen European defence cooperation? By filling critical gaps in early-stage def…
Security Policy & Defence
US Influence on European Defence Policy
What influence does the United States have on the development of the European Defence Policy? The American influence on the development of E…
Security Policy & Defence
Macron’s European Nuclear Umbrella
Emmanuel Macron’s proposal of a European Nuclear Umbrella is based on growing concerns regarding US credibility in NATO. The proposal is pol…
Security Policy & Defence
Accelerating Innovation Through Defence Spending
How can we maximise the societal benefit of increasing defence expenditure? There is a positive correlation between higher defence expenditu…
Security Policy & Defence
The Cybersecurity Capability Gap
1. What cyber capability gaps does the EU grapple with? 2. The EU lacks operational coherence, offensive capabilities, and personnel infrast…
Security Policy & Defence
Europe’s Quest for the Long Reach
This article compares asymmetries in European and Russian long-range missile arsenals and concludes that Europe has significant capability g…
Security Policy & Defence
EPIS Report on Security Policy & Defence Issue I
This report analyses different facets of the European security architecture and explores possible future concepts. can guide European securi…
Security Policy & Defence
The Future of War Is Hybrid
Hybrid warfare is shaping the future of conflict by expanding battlefields beyond the military domain, leveraging political, economic, and s…
Security Policy & Defence
Europe Must Stay Vigilant
Mika Aaltola explains how Russia’s war in Ukraine transformed Finnish public opinion and pushed Finland into NATO. He argues that Finland’s …
Climate Policy & Environment
Climate Change and Global Power Shifts
The report outlines current climate challenges and the geopolitical consequences of environmental change. It highlights disparities in respo…
Climate Policy & Environment
Disaster Diplomacy
How and why do disaster-related activities succeed or fail to foster peace and reduce conflict? China’s disaster diplomacy can build bridges…
Climate Policy & Environment
Greetings from Eurodefense: Climate Change Report Issue I
Climate change is now globally recognized as a proven fact, marked by rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme …
Climate Policy & Environment
Chinese Positioning in the Melting Arctic
This article emphasizes the duality of China’s position—as both an economic partner and a potential disruptor to the status quo—while addres…
Climate Policy & Environment
Green Theory in International Relations
Green Theory in International Relations (IR) examines the intersection of environmental issues and global politics, emphasizing sustainabili…
Climate Policy & Environment
Conclusion: EPIS Report on Climate Policy & Environment
Natural disasters act as both disruptors and catalysts for cooperation, particularly in regions with political tensions or fragile economies…
Climate Policy & Environment
Drones as a Two-Edged Sword in Disaster Management
What role do Drones play in India’s Disaster Management and why could this be considered problematic? The same data-gathering capabilities t…
Climate Policy & Environment
Natural Disasters and Conflict: An Uneasy Relationship
How do international relations influence the aftermath of natural disasters in South and East Asia, especially migration and conflict? Clima…
Climate Policy & Environment
Natural Disasters and the Future of Foreign Policy in East Asia:
How can theoretical frameworks address the complexities of state responses to climate change? Liberalism highlights cooperation through inte…
Climate Policy & Environment
The Role of Social Networks in Disaster Response
How do social networks enhance disaster response and resilience? Social networks facilitate rapid communication, resource sharing, and coord…
Climate Policy & Environment
Natural Disasters and National Security:
Does the increase in natural disasters pose a military or security threat, especially in regions with delicate political climates? I write a…
Climate Policy & Environment
EPIS Report on Climate Policy & Environment Issue I
Theodor Himmel Timeframe: 01/01/1930 – 01/01/2025 Taiwan (Republic of China) · Climate Protection · Issue I Definition NatCat: These events …
Climate Policy & Environment
Ripple Effects
How do natural disasters impact Asia’s trade, industry, and regional stability? Disasters disrupt supply chains, manufacturing, and agricult…
International Relations & Diplomacy
How to Hug a Panda
China’s rapid rise has prompted an extensive reevaluation of national security, technological competition, and trade dependencies in the Wes…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Navigating Troubled Waters
The article discusses the current security challenges in the Black Sea region. The war in Ukraine has revealed vulnerabilities within NATO, …
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Looking Out For Sovereignty
Facing a multitude of crises in an increasingly multi-order world, Europe is experiencing a politicisation of European security policy integ…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Geostrategic Aircraft Carrier
The paper examines Gotland’s strategic importance amid evolving regional security dynamics, focusing on its potential role in deterring conf…
Security Policy & Defence
Opinion Building About Israel-Palestine Conflict
The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the most enduring and complex geopolitical issues in modern history. The conflict’s complexity makes…
International Economic Relations
The Effect of Double Tax Treaties On Foreign Relations
Double Tax Treaties influence the participating states’ tax revenue. In the past, they have been accompanying the rise and fall of diplomati…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Hiding in Plain Sight
Over the past years, open-source intelligence (OSINT) has gained increasing public attention. This background article analyses the power and…
International Relations & Diplomacy
EPIS Basics: Thucydides’ Trap
The text explores Thucydides’ Trap: rising power sparks war. Fear, honor, and interest are key motives for conflict. Creative diplomacy offe…
Climate Policy & Environment
Natural Resources
A recurring theme when it comes to natural resources is their perception as a curse or blessing for the countries that possess them. While s…
Artificial Intelligence & Cybersecurity
Future Combat Air Systems (FCAS)
Visionaries of European strategic autonomy have engaged in many initiatives to reduce European dependency on U.S. weapon technology. Most re…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Armament Supply For Ukraine
Whether Ukraine is supported by arms deliveries or whether this only prolongs a devastating war is a difficult question. Diplomacy does not …
International Relations & Diplomacy
Stop Further Schengenigans
New EU members shouldn’t agree to the same Schengen Accession rules that Romania and Bulgaria signed. It’s better for democracy.
Security Policy & Defence
Editorial EPIS Magazine Issue III
The issue is dedicated to the many problems that are spread across the globe. In this issue it was also important to us to show the other – …
Security Policy & Defence
EPIS Magazine Issue III
The issue is dedicated to the many problems that are spread across the globe. In this issue it was also important to us to show the other – …
Climate Policy & Environment
Powering Ahead
Hydrogen may be the champagne of the energy transition. The text analyses development of hydrogen economy and its impact on EU and internati…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Anarchy and Institutions
How impactful are institutions at mitigating anarchy in International Relations? This article will dive into this question to provide a cons…
Security Policy & Defence
Realism or Idealism
Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems are the latest contested development in warfare. This article will examine different approaches to their re…
Peacekeeping & Conflict Prevention
Is my Crystal Ball Better than Yours?
Strategic foresight is a serious discipline and a risky business. Even with profound experience and a systematic methodology, attempts to lo…
Security Policy & Defence
From Hermit Kingdom to Queendom
It is all about sending a message: Introducing a successor is not why Kim Jong-un showcases his daughter. Rather, he wants to send a message…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Continuity and Change in the Middle Eastern Security Landscape
The dynamic Middle Eastern security landscape is in a constant state of transformation. Highlighting crucial trends, including the Abraham A…
Security Policy & Defence
EPIS Basics: Total Defense
Total Defense emphasizes a society-wide effort to strengthen national resilience. It integrates civil, military, and institutional resources…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The World Youth Day as a Diplomat for the Universal Church
In view of the most recent Catholic World Youth Day in Lisbon, this comment outlines its global impact. The event offers young adults the ex…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Editorial EPIS Magazine Issue II
This issue of EPIS Magazine is dedicated to diplomacy in international foreign affairs and security policy. In the academic articles, the au…
International Relations & Diplomacy
EPIS Magazine Issue II
This issue of EPIS Magazine is dedicated to diplomacy in international foreign affairs and security policy. In the academic articles, the au…
International Economic Relations
Unraveling Order
Global economic regime is fragmenting and is being securitised. This brings new risks and opportunities for all state actors to challenge an…
International Relations & Diplomacy
The Future of the European Union
Quo vadis, Europe? Cases can be made for rising, stagnant, or declining levels of cooperation within the EU. An examination of implications …
Security Policy & Defence
The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is all but surprising, considering Moscow’s history of aggression against neighbouring countries. In addition, …
Security Policy & Defence
Panther Trumps Leopard
A deal without losers? Why the arms deal between South Korea and Poland holds benefits for both countries, and which implications it carries…
Security Policy & Defence
Security, Communication and the Role of the Police in Germany
Perceived security is influenced by a range of factors, among them work and presence of the police. This article looks at the interplay betw…
Security Policy & Defence
The Islamic Republic of Iran as a Factor of Influence in Afghanistan
This article provides a review of the history of Tehran-Kabul-relations. In summary, Iran’s attempts to exert influence become evident when …
Security Policy & Defence
Editorial EPIS Magazine Issue I
Everyone is asking the question – is the world at war or close to it? In six articles, the magazine looks at different facets of political c…
Security Policy & Defence
EPIS Magazine Issue I
Everyone is asking the question – is the world at war or close to it? In six articles, the magazine looks at different facets of political c…
Security Policy & Defence
The Political and Economic Power of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps play an important role in the country’s political and economic spheres. Their power in both business a…
International Relations & Diplomacy
EPIS Magazine Issue VII
The post-Cold War rules-based order that a persisted for over thirty years has in many ways lost its most ardent backers. This mix of the po…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Editorial EPIS Magazine Issue VI
The world is in flux. As great power competition intensifies and new secuirty threats emerge, states, institutions, and individuals must con…
International Relations & Diplomacy
EPIS Magazine Issue VI
The world is in flux. As great power competition intensifies and new secuirty threats emerge, states, institutions, and individuals must con…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Editorial: EPIS Magazine Issue VIII
Alvin Buerck & Yes SteningeOtto United States of America · Bilateralism & Multilateralism · Issue VIII BIRMANIA. ANNUS HORRIBILIS By Jokin d…
Security Policy & Defence
Beyond the Survivability Myth
Many misunderstand military obsolescence, assuming battlefield survivability dictates a system’s relevance. Dmytro Sochnyev attacks that myt…
Security Policy & Defence
EPIS Basics: The Military-Industrial Complex
This short article explains the basics of the military-industrial complex (MIC) and its impact on defence spending. Dominic Perfetti outline…
International Relations & Diplomacy
An Ocean of Emptiness Stirred Up
The Pacific is a stage for an unfolding geopolitical contest, where global powers compete for influence through diplomacy and aid. Donát Olá…
Security Policy & Defence
Germany’s Cybersecurity Under Stress Test
Germany faces escalating cyber threats from state and non-state actors, targeting businesses and critical infrastructure. Ferdinand Gehringe…
International Economic Relations
The Change in German Gas Policy
Germany’s shift from Russian gas to LNG aligns with EU energy security goals but reveals contradictions. Joschka Menge examines how Germany …
Security Policy & Defence
Contemporary Sabotage Operations
State-led sabotage remains a key tool of influence, mirroring Cold War doctrines despite shifting justifications. Malte Koppermann essay arg…
International Relations & Diplomacy
Estonia at the Forefront: Digitalisation and Defence
Marika Linntam, Estonian Ambassador to Germany, discusses her career, Estonia’s digital leadership, and security policies. Estonia pioneered…
Security Policy & Defence
War Is the Father of All Things
Space exploration has always been driven by military interests. Markus Schiller examines how the arms race shaped spaceflight, from Cold War…
Security Policy & Defence
Strategic Reorientation
The Sahel is undergoing a profound geopolitical shift. Nils A. Neubert examines how the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—Mali, Niger, and Burk…
Security Policy & Defence
The Future of Democracy
Democracy faces growing cybersecurity threats in the digital age. Zhala Mammadli explores how cyberattacks, misinformation, and AI-driven ma…